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Probation and parole are two forms of community supervision used in the correctional system to manage and monitor individuals who have been convicted of a crime. Probation and parole have their roots in the 19th century, when social reformers sought alternatives to incarceration for non-violent offenders. Here's a brief history and development of probation and parole:  History and Development of Probation Essay Paper

Probation: The concept of probation dates back to England in the mid-19th century, when John Augustus began advocating for the release of offenders on their own recognizance. Augustus believed that many offenders could be rehabilitated through community-based programs, rather than being sent to prison. The first probation statute was passed in Massachusetts in 1878, and by the early 20th century, most states had adopted some form of probation.

Parole: Parole was first used in the United States in the late 19th century, as a way to relieve overcrowding in prisons. In 1876, the first parole law was enacted in Massachusetts. Parole was also used as a way to incentivize good behavior and rehabilitation, with the possibility of early release serving as motivation for prisoners to work towards their release.

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Now, let's look at the four reasons for probation and the goals achieved throughout the process: 1. Rehabilitation: One of the main reasons for probation is to rehabilitate offenders and help them reintegrate into society. Probation officers work with offenders to develop treatment plans, provide counseling and support, and connect them with community resources. The goal of rehabilitation is to address the underlying causes of criminal behavior and help offenders lead productive and law-abiding lives.

2. Restitution: Probation can also be used as a way for offenders to make restitution to their victims. For example, an offender may be required to pay restitution for damages caused by their crime, or perform community service to make amends for their actions. 3. Punishment: Probation can also serve as a form of punishment for offenders who have committed minor offenses. Rather than being incarcerated, offenders are placed on probation and must follow strict rules and conditions. Violating these rules can result in revocation of probation and a return to prison. 4. Public safety: Finally, probation can be used as a way to protect public safety. Probation officers monitor offenders and ensure that they are complying with the conditions of their probation.

They also work to identify potential risks and take steps to mitigate them, such as referring offenders to treatment programs or revoking probation if necessary.

In summary, probation and parole have a long history in the correctional system, dating back to the 19th century. The four reasons for probation are rehabilitation, restitution, punishment, and public safety. Throughout the probation process, the goals achieved include addressing the underlying causes of criminal behavior, making restitution to victims, punishing offenders, and protecting public safety. History and Development of Probation Essay Paper